Download Process in Distributed Systems, Flow-level Algorithm vs. Packet-level Simulation Model
نویسندگان
چکیده
Parallelism in the download process of large files is an efficient mechanism for distributed systems. In such systems, some peers (clients) exploit the power of parallelism to download blocks of data stored in a distributed way over some other peers (servers). Determining response times in parallel downloading with capacity constraints on both the client downloads and server uploads necessitates understanding the instantaneous shares of the bandwidths of each client/server is devoted to each data transfer flow. In this report, we explore the practical relevance of the hypothesis that flows share the network bandwidth according to the max-min fairness paradigm. We have implemented into a flow-level simulator a version of the algorithm which calculates such a bandwidth allocation, which we have called the “progressive-filling flow-level algorithm”. We have programmed a similar model over NS2 and compared the empirical distributions resulting from both simulations. Our results indicate that flow-level predictions are very accurate in symmetric networks and good in asymmetric networks. Therefore, PFFLA would be extremely useful to build flow-level simulators and, possibly, to perform probabilistic performance calculations in general P2P networks. Key-words: distributed systems, performance evaluation, download time, response service time, data distribution, simulation model, max-min fairness ∗ INRIA, 2004 Route des Lucioles, BP 92, F-06902 Sophia-Antipolis, [email protected]. † INRIA and LIRMM, CNRS/Université Montpellier 2, 161 Rue Ada, F-34392 Montpellier, [email protected]. in ria -0 04 42 03 0, v er si on 2 21 D ec 2 00 9 Le Processus de Téléchargement dans des Systèmes Distribués, Analyse au Niveau Flux vs. au Niveau Paquet par Simulation Résumé : L’application du parallélisme dans le processus de téléchargement de gros fichiers est apparue comme un mécanisme efficace dans les systèmes de stockage de données distribués. Dans un tel système, certains pairs (clients) exploitent la puissance de parallélisme afin de télécharger des données stockées de manière distribuée sur certains autres pairs (serveurs). Calculer les temps de réponse dans ces systèmes nécessite de bien comprendre comment les bandes passantes des clients et des serveurs sont partagées entre les différents flots d’information. Dans ce rapport, nous explorons la validité pratique de l’idée que les flots se partagent les ressources du réseau selon le principe de l’équité max-min. Nous avons implémenté une version de l’algorithme qui calcule une telle répartition (nommée « PFFLA » pour « Progressive Filling Flow Level Algorithm ») dans un simulateur au niveau flot de téléchargements en parallèle. Nous avons programmé un modèle similaire au-dessus du simulateur de réseau au niveau paquet NS-2. Les temps de réponse dans le simulateur au niveau flux ont été comparés à aux ceux du simulateur au niveau paquet (leurs distributions et moyennes). Nos résultats montrent que les prédictions de PFFLA au niveau flot sont très bonnes pour des réseaux symétriques, et bonnes pour des réseaux asymétriques. Nous concluons que PFFLA pourrait être extrêmement utile pour construire des simulateurs de réseaux au niveau flot, et possiblement pour faire des calculs probabilistes d’évaluation de performances. Mots-clés : systèmes distribués, évaluation de performance, temps de téléchargement, distribution de données, modèle de simulation, équité max-min in ria -0 04 42 03 0, v er si on 2 21 D ec 2 00 9 Download Process in Distributed Systems, Flow-level vs. Packet-level Simulation Analysis 3
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